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Taiwa no FumenPractical methods for shared thinking

English edition: the full translation has not yet received an independent line-by-line review. Check the linked sources and method-specific limits before use. Japanese PDFs and videos remain labelled.

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Ideas, planning and service design

Prototype a New Service Experience

Draw one service scene, act it out, and improve it through observation.

People
4–8
Session time
195 minutes
Format
In person

English session plan

Original program status: draft. Source safety category: Low; this is not a guarantee of safety.

Preparation: More preparation. Facilitation team: Three operating roles.

What this session can decide

Create a prototype and learning. Do not undertake live operation, charging, personal-information processing, or safety approval.

Outside its scope

  • Do not provide it as a live service.
  • Do not use real personal information.
  • Do not treat a single prototype as proof of effectiveness.

Primary caution: Do not provide it as a live service.

Before starting

Question and scope
Draw one service scene, act it out, and improve it through observation. Before starting, state the subject and time period in one sentence.
What this session decides
Create a prototype and learning. Do not undertake live operation, charging, personal-information processing, or safety approval.
Output recipient
The Recorder stores the final learning and conditions for the next prototype, retaining facts, meanings, and changes for next time separately.
Participation and information boundaries
Offer speaking, writing, or passing as participation choices. Keep personal information, confidential information, and attribute-based evaluation off the record surface.
Operating roles
Assign Lead facilitator, Recorder, and Timekeeper before starting, and confirm who announces switching and stopping.
Next review
Set a review date, viewers, and the person responsible for the next decision on the learning and conditions for the next prototype.

Who takes responsibility

Lead facilitator

Keep Prototype a New Service Experience within its purpose and exclusions, and announce the start and end of each stage.

From before the start through the end

Recorder

Record the service-experience storyboard, prototype and observation notes, and learning and conditions for the next prototype at each stage, then hand them to the recipient at the end.

From preparing record surfaces before the start through storage after the end

Timekeeper

Notify the Lead facilitator 3 minutes before each stage ends and when switching to breaks or buffer time.

At the start of every stage and 3 minutes before its end

Session flow

Minutes are measured from the session start. Method time, transition time, breaks and buffer are shown separately; they are not additional overlapping activities.

  1. 0–63 minutes

    Draw use scenes in chronological order

    Method: Design Storyboards · 0–60 minutes. Transition: 60–63 minutes (3 minutes).

    Draw the service user's experience from having a purpose through receiving a result on a service-experience board made for this programme. Label it as a homemade adaptation of the referenced method, not a meeting-facilitation design, with six scene frames as the standard layout. In each frame, write User actions, Provider actions, Information needed, and Failure conditions. Lay out each person's scene cards and stack cards for the same scene without losing their content. If eight or fewer cards remain, group adjacent scenes into no more than six frames. If more than eight remain, follow the fallback and condense them into three scenes.

    Responsible: Lead facilitator; Recorder; Timekeeper

    Output: Service-experience storyboard

    Handoff: Choose one highly uncertain scene from the standard six-frame storyboard or the condensed three-scene version. Pass its user actions, provider actions, information needed, and failure conditions to the role-players.

    This stage may be shortened only in accordance with the stated conditions.

  2. 63–126 minutes

    Act out and test a scene

    Method: Improv Prototyping · 63–123 minutes. Transition: 123–126 minutes (3 minutes).

    User and provider role-players briefly act out a scene. Observers record what happens; change only one element after each run and act it out again.

    Responsible: Lead facilitator; Recorder; Timekeeper

    Output: Prototype and observation notes

    Handoff: Pass the observed facts from each trial to reflection.

    This stage is not marked as shortenable.

  3. 136–164 minutes

    Decide revisions from observation

    Method: What, So What, Now What · 136–161 minutes. Transition: 161–164 minutes (3 minutes).

    First arrange the facts of what happened in the role-play. Check multiple possible meanings, then choose one element to change next time and one additional check.

    Responsible: Lead facilitator; Recorder; Timekeeper

    Output: Learning and conditions for the next prototype

    Handoff: Pass learning and conditions for the next prototype to the planning owner.

    This stage is not marked as shortenable.

What is retained and who receives it

Service-experience storyboard

Owner: Recorder

Retain user actions, provider actions, information needed, and failure conditions in the standard six frames or the condensed three scenes. Identify one scene to test and the expected change.

Prototype and observation notes

Owner: Recorder

Discover problems in understanding, actions, and handoffs.

Learning and conditions for the next prototype

Owner: Recorder

Retain facts, meanings, and changes for next time separately.

Materials and setup

Material names, quantities, groups and handling instructions retain the fixed draft's original helper-derived guidance. Where a format is marked “Source material specification”, the entire bound English source material entry takes precedence over the old helper-derived format guidance. This format-only correction does not resolve other instruction or safety concerns. English names are not substituted into a Japanese-keyed lookup.

Everyday tools

Writing implements

Quantity: 1 per person

Format: Dark broad-tip pens or whiteboard markers

Check that ink flows and place them within participants' reach. Avoid pale-coloured pens.

Sticky notes for observed effective actions

Quantity: 3 per participant

Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces

Do not buy special notes; write Observed effective actions at the top of paper pieces. If participants fill them in, put one entry on each note and handwrite the necessary headings before starting.

Broad-tip writing tools

Quantity: 1 per participant

Format: Dark broad-tip pens or whiteboard markers

Check that ink flows and place them within participants' reach. Avoid pale-coloured pens.

Sheets to prepare by hand

Six-scene board for the service user's experience

Quantity: 1 sheet for the whole group

Format: Large paper or a whiteboard

Label this as a homemade adaptation sheet made for this programme, distinct from a meeting-facilitation design sheet or an official diagram. Create six frames from Scene 1 to Scene 6 from left to right. Divide each into four fields: User actions, Provider actions, Information needed, and Failure conditions. Use no more than six frames as standard. If more than eight scene cards remain, relabel the first three frames Start, Branch, and Result and mark the others Unused. Write the headings in words and retain the original cards with the corresponding scenes after condensation.

Scene cards

Quantity: 6 per person

Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces

Use each person's six cards. On each card, write one scene's user actions, provider actions, information needed, and failure conditions. Stack cards for the same scene without losing their content and place them on the board in scene order. If more than eight cards remain, do not discard them without agreement; retain them against Start, Branch, or Result.

Long, narrow handoff cards

Quantity: 6 for the whole group

Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces

Write Information to pass on at the top of the six cards and match one to each scene frame in use. Record the information passed on from each scene and its recipient. If condensed into three scenes, use three cards and keep the remainder as spares; still prepare six cards.

Alternative cards

Quantity: 3 for the whole group

Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces

Write Alternative service scene at the top of the three cards. On each card, write one scene number and the action, information, or layout to change. Change only one element per prototype run.

Check sheet

Quantity: 1 sheet for the whole group

Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces

Write Prototype check at the top and create fields for Scene to test, Expected change, What actually happened, and Next check. Do not infer effectiveness from a single prototype; distinguish observed facts from interpretation.

Homemade sheet for scene roles, location, and purpose

Quantity: 1 per group of 3–4

Format: Two A4 sheets placed side by side; join with masking tape if more space is needed

Create Scene roles, Location, and Purpose fields on one sheet. Write a heading for each field rather than relying on colour alone.

Three-field worksheet

Quantity: 1 card per person

Format: A4 copy paper

Create fields headed “What happened?”, “So what can we learn?” and “What will we do next?” on one sheet. Write each heading in words rather than relying on colour alone.

Large paper or whiteboard for the whole-group record

Quantity: 1 surface

Format: Large paper or a whiteboard

Divide the recording surface into three fields: “What happened?”, “So what can we learn?” and “What will we do next?”. Write the headings in thick lettering and leave room to attach each group’s records.

Setup for each method

Design Storyboards

  1. One shared editing surface for the board, with the 6 scenes arranged horizontally
  2. One tabletop area per person for individual drafting
  3. Space equal to one third of the board's width for swapping scene cards and handover cards

Improv Prototyping

  1. One space at the front where 3–4 performers can move
  2. Seating for observers: one observer seating area with 4–8 participants, or groups of 2–4 observers with 9 or more participants

What, So What, Now What

  1. One island table per evenly sized group of 4–7, and one whole-group recording surface visible to everyone

When to switch or stop

Fallbacks

There are more than 8 scene cards.

Condense them into three scenes: Start, Branch, and Result. Use the first three frames of the six-frame board and mark the rest Unused. Stack the original cards with the corresponding scenes, retaining the information needed and failure conditions.

Method guide: Design Storyboards

Stop conditions

The prototype starts to involve actual operation, contracts, or charging.
Stop the prototype and refer it for formal approval and safety checks.
A participant brings confidential information about a real user into the role-play.
Replace it with a fictional example and delete it from the record.

Sources, rights and limits

This site has composed this programme's purpose, connections between methods, facilitation, roles, outputs, and switching conditions. See each method's individual page for its sources and licence.

Original source records and their required notices are retained below. Their presence does not mean a new legal or cultural-safety clearance. Original citation titles are kept in their source language.

Sources and required notices for the 3 methods used

Design Storyboards

  • Source: Liberating Structures Fieldbook (2026): Design Storyboards — Henri Lipmanowicz / Keith McCandless / Nancy White | https://www.liberatingstructures.com/design-storyboards | Adaptation under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes made
  • Source: CC BY-SA 4.0 | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • Attribution: Henri Lipmanowicz and Keith McCandless; Keith McCandless and Nancy White | Original-source author and contributor credit
  • Attribution: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team | Japanese adaptation and this site's own diagrams
  • Changes and adaptation: Adapted as a Japanese facilitation score; changes made
  • ShareAlike: Provided under CC-BY-SA-4.0
  • Cultural caution: open-method screening complete: No closed, ritual, or sacred cultural practice is used as a source; declining participation, sensitive information, and power differences are addressed in each method's limits and branches.
  • Limits of this record: Adapted with changes as a Japanese facilitation score under CC BY-SA 4.0 and provided under the same licence. Only the current page is covered; material from June 2026 or earlier, official icons, and third-party material were excluded.

Current-page credit and licence companion for this method

Improv Prototyping

  • Source: Liberating Structures Fieldbook (2026) — Henri Lipmanowicz; Keith McCandless; Nancy White | https://www.liberatingstructures.com/improv-prototyping | Adaptation under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes made
  • Source: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ | CC-BY-SA-4.0
  • Attribution: Henri Lipmanowicz and Keith McCandless; Keith McCandless and Nancy White | Original-source author and contributor credit
  • Attribution: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team | Japanese adaptation and this site's own diagrams
  • Changes and adaptation: Adapted as a Japanese facilitation score; changes made
  • ShareAlike: Provided under CC-BY-SA-4.0
  • Cultural caution: open-method screening complete: No closed, ritual, or sacred cultural practice is used as a source; declining participation, sensitive information, and power differences are addressed in each method's limits and branches.
  • Limits of this record: Adapted with changes as a Japanese facilitation score under CC BY-SA 4.0 and provided under the same licence. Only the current page is covered; material from June 2026 or earlier, official icons, and third-party material were excluded.

Current-page credit and licence companion for this method

What, So What, Now What

  • Source: Liberating Structures Fieldbook (2026): What, So What, Now What — Henri Lipmanowicz / Keith McCandless / Nancy White | https://www.liberatingstructures.com/what-so-what-now-what | CC BY-SA 4.0 adaptation; changes made
  • Source: CC BY-SA 4.0 | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • Attribution: Henri Lipmanowicz and Keith McCandless; Keith McCandless and Nancy White | Original-source author and contributor credit
  • Attribution: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team | Japanese adaptation and this site's own diagrams
  • Changes and adaptation: Adapted as a Japanese facilitation score; changes made
  • ShareAlike: Provided under CC-BY-SA-4.0
  • Cultural caution: open-method screening complete: No closed, ritual, or sacred cultural practice is used as a source; declining participation, sensitive information, and power differences are addressed in each method's limits and branches.
  • Limits of this record: Adapted with changes as a Japanese facilitation score under CC BY-SA 4.0 and provided under the same licence. Only the current page is covered; material from June 2026 or earlier, official icons, and third-party material were excluded.

Current-page credit and licence companion for this method

Confirmed programme clarification

The user confirmed the current programme text and programme-specific material instructions. Original methods, quantities, timing and print diagrams are unchanged. Earlier fixed notes are retained below as historical notes; they are not removed or treated as independently resolved. User confirmation of programme wording is distinct from independent acceptance of its English translation, rendered screens, rights and release checks.

Historical fixed-draft notes

The original fixed draft notes are retained without deletion as historical records of those fixed source versions. Current material format corrections are separately identified above; these notes do not imply that other concerns have been resolved.

  • The programme concerns a service experience, while the prepared storyboard material explicitly describes a meeting flow. Both source descriptions remain; no service-specific board structure has been substituted.

Japanese resources and historical source records

Original Japanese plan and its print view · Japanese operation pack or starter materials

An English print edition is not provided here. The linked plans, print views and operation materials are Japanese resources.

Historical recorded publication holds

The following original hold statements are retained verbatim with their fixed source versions. They are not a statement of current acceptance, nor does this historical label resolve a source-specific restriction.

  • English translation and rendered-page independent acceptance pending
  • Method dependency source/text SHA binding and current source-specific rights verification pending
  • Publication not cleared
Historical fixed-source and English-draft provenance

Japanese program SHA-256: 4f1c1f22c159428ee9d9ff84721b33eb353d01f7eb193ce14832332ac8e9712b

Fixed source context SHA-256: 5614f034fb27de4ba3021b7d27a7918e3406c770344794222cc69b65531a607a

English draft SHA-256: 606dadc609874c5dffe15b3f00d679838ecea34363d0931264089c146929ee52

  • design-storyboards: source 376fdc30a04dde878a58a18a76a7feca572db2eb21854b6299a54c1a7e161d7e; English draft 56b33e83bcadb41bff7a22886407e8947ece7efc55bcf8c70db66e5739d6e017
  • improv-prototyping: source 9e28f96f071286f090baa93fe647f2e6933e49af6cbb7bfe5bf8f61e1d3ea3fe; English draft 8aad104178082f8add6bfa1ef6ce37d75913d0f7bede35b8e892fdb9c7528a88
  • what-so-what-now-what: source f0ca8ccf31289f712e5ca11086c04e4dd8e3c46c6e50067c2989378e202c2aa2; English draft f48f84412d26c71ba0b392fe00736dbf726180accd3095c47ea5a9a56d6a3da4

These hashes identify the checked inputs; they do not grant independent acceptance or publication clearance.