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Taiwa no FumenPractical methods for shared thinking

English edition: the full translation has not yet received an independent line-by-line review. Check the linked sources and method-specific limits before use. Japanese PDFs and videos remain labelled.

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Differences and the limits of agreement

Compare and Merge Multiple Drafts

Separate common elements, boundary conditions, and choices across drafts to create the outline of a merged draft.

People
5–20
Session time
225 minutes
Format
In person

English session plan

Original program status: draft. Source safety category: Medium; this is not a guarantee of safety.

Preparation: More preparation. Facilitation team: Four roles, including someone with facilitation experience.

What this session can decide

Create a merged draft and list of unresolved items. Legal review, formal approval, and official publication of the document are separate steps.

Outside its scope

  • Do not assess the authors of the original drafts.
  • Do not guarantee legal compliance.
  • Do not delete minority views and label the result unanimous agreement.

Primary caution: Do not assess the authors of the original drafts.

Before starting

Question and scope
Separate common elements, boundary conditions, and choices across drafts to create the outline of a merged draft. Before starting, state the subject and time period in one sentence.
What this session decides
Create a merged draft and list of unresolved items. Legal review, formal approval, and official publication of the document are separate steps.
Output recipient
The Recorder stores the final ranking and reasons for optional clauses, distinguishing the order for inclusion in the merged draft from unresolved items. Do not use ranking in place of agreement or include unresolved deferred judgements and disagreements among items to merge or implement.
Participation and information boundaries
Explain the choices to pass, take a break, or leave. Keep personal information, confidential information, and attribute-based evaluation off the record surface. Assign Participant support separately.
Operating roles
Assign Lead facilitator, Recorder, Timekeeper, and Participant support before starting, and confirm who announces switching and stopping.
Next review
Set a review date, viewers, and the person responsible for the next decision on the ranking and reasons for optional clauses.

Who takes responsibility

Lead facilitator

Keep Compare and Merge Multiple Drafts within its purpose and exclusions, and announce the start and end of each stage.

From before the start through the end

Recorder

Record the merged-draft tree, list of agreement, conditional agreement, and unresolved states for each proposal, and ranking and reasons for optional clauses at each stage, then hand them to the recipient at the end.

From preparing record surfaces before the start through storage after the end

Timekeeper

Notify the Lead facilitator 3 minutes before each stage ends and when switching to breaks or buffer time.

At the start of every stage and 3 minutes before its end

Participant support

Receive requests to pass, take a break, leave, or check individually, and decide with the Lead facilitator whether resumption is possible.

From before the start through the end

Session flow

Minutes are measured from the session start. Method time, transition time, breaks and buffer are shown separately; they are not additional overlapping activities.

  1. 0–123 minutes

    Map common elements and branches across drafts

    Method: Draft Merge Tree · 0–120 minutes. Transition: 120–123 minutes (3 minutes).

    Compare each draft's purpose, subjects, actions, and exceptions in the same fields. Draw common elements as the trunk, compatible differences as branches, and incompatible points as forks.

    Responsible: Lead facilitator; Recorder; Participant support

    Output: Merged-draft tree

    Handoff: Pass branching items to the agreement-state check.

    This stage may be shortened only in accordance with the stated conditions.

  2. 123–161 minutes

    Check agreement states for each branch

    Method: Partial Agreement Grid · 123–158 minutes. Transition: 158–161 minutes (3 minutes).

    Place each branch in one of 3 columns: Agreement, Conditional agreement, or Unresolved. Within Unresolved, distinguish Judgement deferred while awaiting information needed for a decision from Disagreement. For Conditional agreement, write proposed wording and whom to check with. Do not include unresolved items among items to merge or implement, or treat conditional agreement as unconditional agreement before checking its conditions.

    Responsible: Lead facilitator; Recorder; Participant support

    Output: List of agreement, conditional agreement, and unresolved states for each proposal

    Handoff: Pass items needing a choice to ranking with their agreement states. Keep deferred judgements and disagreements distinct within Unresolved; ranking does not replace consent to merge or implement them.

    This stage is not marked as shortenable.

  3. 171–194 minutes

    Prioritise optional clauses

    Method: Ranking · 171–191 minutes. Transition: 191–194 minutes (3 minutes).

    Put optional clauses on cards at the same level of detail and order them by criteria decided beforehand. Record ties, out-of-scope items, and insufficient evidence without forcing them into ranks.

    Responsible: Lead facilitator; Recorder; Participant support

    Output: Ranking and reasons for optional clauses

    Handoff: Pass the merged draft, rankings, unresolved items, and whom to check with to the document owner.

    This stage is not marked as shortenable.

What is retained and who receives it

Merged-draft tree

Owner: Recorder

Separate common clauses, optional clauses, and contradictions.

List of agreement, conditional agreement, and unresolved states for each proposal

Owner: Recorder

Make the scope that can be merged explicit using the 3 columns Agreement, Conditional agreement, and Unresolved. Within Unresolved, distinguish Judgement deferred while awaiting information needed for a decision from Disagreement; include neither among items to merge or implement.

Ranking and reasons for optional clauses

Owner: Recorder

Distinguish the order for inclusion in the merged draft from unresolved items. Do not use ranking in place of agreement or include unresolved deferred judgements and disagreements among items to merge or implement.

Materials and setup

Material names, quantities, groups and handling instructions retain the fixed draft's original helper-derived guidance. Where a format is marked “Source material specification”, the entire bound English source material entry takes precedence over the old helper-derived format guidance. This format-only correction does not resolve other instruction or safety concerns. English names are not substituted into a Japanese-keyed lookup.

Everyday tools

Issue sticky notes

Quantity: 3 per person

Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces

Prepare them blank before starting. In use, write one issue to decide now or action to begin after a decision per note, in broad lettering.

Writing implements

Quantity: 1 per person

Format: Dark broad-tip pens or whiteboard markers

Check that ink flows and place them within participants' reach. Avoid pale-coloured pens.

Broad-tip pens

Quantity: 2 per group

Format: Dark broad-tip pens or whiteboard markers

Check that ink flows and place them within participants' reach. Avoid pale-coloured pens.

Sheets to prepare by hand

Sticky notes for paragraph numbers and functions

Quantity: 2 per person

Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces

Write the relevant paragraph number at the top and one function of that paragraph at the bottom. Do not make cards containing only a paragraph number.

Table retaining the draft-merging path

Quantity: 1 per group

Format: A4 copy paper

Divide the work surface into 4 fields: Drafts merged, Destination draft, Person responsible for merging, and URL of the version fixed after merging. Write a heading for each field rather than relying on colour alone.

Checklist for preventing misreadings of drafts

Quantity: 1 item per person

Format: A4 copy paper

Divide the work surface into 4 fields: Missing content, Contradictory content, Wording likely to be misread, and Result of rereading to check the original intent. Write a heading for each field rather than relying on colour alone.

Table reporting how original-draft content was handled in the final draft

Quantity: 1 item per person

Format: A4 copy paper

Divide the work surface into 4 fields: Original branch number / paragraph number / role, Retained / conditionally retained / deleted in the final draft, Reason, and Destination in the final draft. Write a heading for each field rather than relying on colour alone.

Programme-specific table separating agreement, conditional agreement, and unresolved items

Quantity: 1 per group plus 1 for whole-group consolidation

Format: Source material specification: One A3 grid per group with agreement, conditional agreement, and disagreement columns, plus one for whole-group integration

Source-bound format display correction; the other fixed helper-derived guidance is unchanged.

For this programme, create 3 columns from left to right: Agreement, Conditional agreement, and Unresolved. Leave space for checks needed, owner, and deadline in Conditional agreement. Within Unresolved, use text to distinguish Judgement deferred while awaiting information needed for a decision from Disagreement. Do not include unresolved items among items to merge or implement. Do not alter the existing method's diagram.

Checking-owner cards

Quantity: 1 per conditional-agreement item

Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces

Write 3 fields from top to bottom: checking owner, person or information source to check, and reply deadline. Place it beside the item that can be agreed when conditions are met.

Option cards

Quantity: 1 set per group; at most 12 items

Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces

Do not buy a special product; write Option at the top of paper pieces. If participants fill them in, use one item per card and handwrite needed headings before starting.

Ranking-criterion cards

Quantity: 1 per group

Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces

Do not buy a special product; write Ranking criterion at the top of paper pieces. If participants fill them in, use one item per card and handwrite needed headings before starting.

Table separating option ranks and held decisions

Quantity: 1 per group

Format: Two A4 sheets placed side by side; join with masking tape if more space is needed

Divide the work surface into 4 fields: Final order, Ties, Judgement deferred, and Mandatory conditions not met. Write headings in text rather than relying only on colour.

Information to gather before the session

Shared drafts with branch numbers

Quantity: 1 item per person

Format: A4 copy paper or viewing data with the same content

Before starting, add consecutive numbers for the number of sheets to be used. Use thick lettering readable from a distance.

Materials chosen for the session conditions

Devices for opening fixed shared drafts and individual check sheets

Quantity: 1 per person

Format: An available computer or tablet that can open the shared draft. If devices cannot be provided, print the fixed version and provide check sheets on A4 copy paper.

Before starting, check that the fixed-version URL of the shared draft and individual check sheets can actually be opened. If devices are insufficient, match the printed fixed version and check sheets by the same branch numbers, and have the person responsible for merging enter them later. Do not replace them with voting ballots.

Setup for each method

Draft Merge Tree

  1. Display the number of merge rounds for the participant count, branch numbers, and the order of checkers for remaining slots on a wall
  2. Give editing permission only to the left-hand custodian at each merge point. Prepare shared documents that can issue a fixed-version URL automatically or manually at the end of every 12-minute slot
  3. Before starting, test that everyone can open the fixed version and individual check forms from their own device

Partial Agreement Grid

  1. One three-column work surface per group with the disagreement column the widest
  2. Two display surfaces at least 1 m apart for keeping the scope of action and disagreement separate
  3. One island table per group where no more than 6 people can gather around the grid

Ranking

  1. A table where all cards can be moved into one line or a leading group

When to switch or stop

Fallbacks

There are more than 4 original drafts.

Beforehand, bundle drafts with similar purposes and subjects, then compare 4 representative drafts.

Method guide: Draft Merge Tree

Stop conditions

A judgement on legal, rights, or rules compliance becomes necessary.
Hold the clause and refer it for specialist review.
Someone proposes removing minority views from the record.
Retain them as disagreement or reservations in records outside the main text.

Sources, rights and limits

This site has composed this programme's purpose, connections between methods, facilitation, roles, outputs, and switching conditions. See each method's individual page for its sources and licence.

Original source records and their required notices are retained below. Their presence does not mean a new legal or cultural-safety clearance. Original citation titles are kept in their source language.

Sources and required notices for the 3 methods used

Draft Merge Tree

  • 対話の譜面編集部による設計 — This description is original
  • Source: Designed by the Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team | This description is original
  • Attribution: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team | This site's text and diagrams
  • Cultural caution: This manifest contains no structured cultural-safety assessment. A person checks context, the option to decline participation, and power differences.
  • Limits of this record: Only the notices displayed in the public YAML were transcribed. No claim is made that individual rights do not exist.

Partial Agreement Grid

  • 対話の譜面編集部: 部分合意の格子 — Original description and diagrams
  • Source: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team: Partial Agreement Grid | Original description and diagrams
  • Attribution: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team | This site's text and diagrams
  • Cultural caution: open-method screening complete: No closed, ritual, or sacred cultural practice is used as a source; declining participation, sensitive information, and power differences are addressed in each method's limits and branches.
  • Limits of this record: The editorial team independently created the text, procedure, and diagram. No exclusive rights are claimed over general dialogue operations or ideas themselves.

Ranking

  • Source: Seeds for Change Facilitation Tools: Ranking | https://www.seedsforchange.org.uk/tools | anti-copyright adaptation; changes made
  • Source: Conditions for applying anti-copyright | https://www.seedsforchange.org.uk/resources | anti-copyright
  • Attribution: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team | This site's text and diagrams
  • Cultural caution: This manifest contains no structured cultural-safety assessment. A person checks context, the option to decline participation, and power differences.
  • Limits of this record: Only the notices displayed in the public YAML were transcribed. No claim is made that individual rights do not exist.

Confirmed programme clarification

The user confirmed the current programme text and programme-specific material instructions. Original methods, quantities, timing and print diagrams are unchanged. Earlier fixed notes are retained below as historical notes; they are not removed or treated as independently resolved. User confirmation of programme wording is distinct from independent acceptance of its English translation, rendered screens, rights and release checks.

Historical fixed-draft notes

The original fixed draft notes are retained without deletion as historical records of those fixed source versions. Current material format corrections are separately identified above; these notes do not imply that other concerns have been resolved.

  • Catalogue practice names four states, including disagreement and judgement deferred, while the prepared partial-agreement grid has three columns and the artifact title names three categories. All source descriptions remain; no fourth grid column or silent category mapping has been added.

Japanese resources and historical source records

Original Japanese plan and its print view · Japanese operation pack or starter materials

An English print edition is not provided here. The linked plans, print views and operation materials are Japanese resources.

Historical recorded publication holds

The following original hold statements are retained verbatim with their fixed source versions. They are not a statement of current acceptance, nor does this historical label resolve a source-specific restriction.

  • English translation and rendered-page independent acceptance pending
  • Method dependency source/text SHA binding and current source-specific rights verification pending
  • Publication not cleared
Historical fixed-source and English-draft provenance

Japanese program SHA-256: 593d46830247629af08965cae34b0552331a749a9d9865549ce0cab9cd9984f5

Fixed source context SHA-256: 09c5d28eb7a53fa1fd2938d675b947f7a3cc7beaaf9675c48a77891adb1b3ff3

English draft SHA-256: 42f3793321f844fd064a0f8a70db892e0e6ed82a0de098a5b790789774e43211

  • draft-merge-tree: source e7b41aab6600a954381b5eed9ead3ae5083e4a1f55a13f46b30f41e16c0aaadb; English draft d9ba624d500243c95deac80bec66b1b63ec452bb71c46d35518772a5b0e6faf9
  • partial-agreement-grid: source 63b7038c1670e1acb3b9fd1101839c6054c50f0284c1e5d358bcefec5c168156; English draft 2c33874bd21672a45a8f649b55e2862f9de8ab57f634eee275c5afb5ccc71e40
  • seeds-card-ranking: source d57164cccee23b180db85ae49fe90bda72c5a9d7cbe8ca210683d8b398f6b77a; English draft 17bbde5f623d1feab9bad9c45c3dcf72685657cc97b84d41af7f8d1a3e4f60f6

These hashes identify the checked inputs; they do not grant independent acceptance or publication clearance.