Problems and operational improvement
Repair a Cross-Unit Handoff Bottleneck
Make missing handoffs and differences in sender/recipient understanding visible, then decide the smallest receipt check.
- People
- 6–16
- Session time
- 180 minutes
- Format
- In person
English session plan
Original program status: draft. Source safety category: Low; this is not a guarantee of safety.
Preparation: More preparation. Facilitation team: Three operating roles.
What this session can decide
Agree handoff procedures, information provided, and receipt checks. Refer formal changes to the division of duties to the responsible person.
Outside its scope
- Do not assign responsibility definitively to absent units.
- Do not assess individuals' processing speed.
- Do not change duties without authority.
Primary caution: Do not assign responsibility definitively to absent units.
Before starting
- Question and scope
- Make missing handoffs and differences in sender/recipient understanding visible, then decide the smallest receipt check. Before starting, state the subject and time period in one sentence.
- What this session decides
- Agree handoff procedures, information provided, and receipt checks. Refer formal changes to the division of duties to the responsible person.
- Output recipient
- The Recorder stores the final handoff-improvement commitments, retaining an owner, start point, and checking method for each item.
- Participation and information boundaries
- Offer speaking, writing, or passing as participation choices. Keep personal information, confidential information, and attribute-based evaluation off the record surface.
- Operating roles
- Assign Lead facilitator, Recorder, and Timekeeper before starting, and confirm who announces switching and stopping.
- Next review
- Set a review date, viewers, and the person responsible for the next decision on the handoff-improvement commitments.
Who takes responsibility
- Lead facilitator
Keep Repair a Cross-Unit Handoff Bottleneck within its purpose and exclusions, and announce the start and end of each stage.
From before the start through the end
- Recorder
Record the handoff-point map, support-exchange table, and handoff-improvement commitments at each stage, then hand them to the recipient at the end.
From preparing record surfaces before the start through storage after the end
- Timekeeper
Notify the Lead facilitator 3 minutes before each stage ends and when switching to breaks or buffer time.
At the start of every stage and 3 minutes before its end
Session flow
Minutes are measured from the session start. Method time, transition time, breaks and buffer are shown separately; they are not additional overlapping activities.
0–48 minutes
Lay out handoff points
Method: Handoff Stations · 0–45 minutes. Transition: 45–48 minutes (3 minutes).
Place work handoff points in chronological order. At each point, write who passes what, and what the recipient must check for completion.
Responsible: Lead facilitator; Recorder; Timekeeper
Output: Handoff-point map
Handoff: Pass handoff points with insufficient checks or differing understandings to the stage for organising needed support and the scope of provision.
This stage may be shortened only in accordance with the stated conditions.
48–111 minutes
Exchange needed support and the scope of provision
Method: What I Need from You · 48–108 minutes. Transition: 108–111 minutes (3 minutes).
Each recipient makes a specific request to the sender for needed information or actions. The sender answers yes, yes with conditions, or no, and records conditions and reasons.
Responsible: Lead facilitator; Recorder; Timekeeper
Output: Support-exchange table
Handoff: Pass only agreed support on as candidates for smallest commitments.
This stage is not marked as shortenable.
121–149 minutes
Decide the smallest receipt check
Method: Smallest Commitment Chain · 121–146 minutes. Transition: 146–149 minutes (3 minutes).
Choose the smallest action that can change from this week at each handoff point. Link actions so the next person can check that the preceding person has finished.
Responsible: Lead facilitator; Recorder; Timekeeper
Output: Handoff-improvement commitments
Handoff: Pass the commitments to each person assigned and the work owner.
This stage is not marked as shortenable.
What is retained and who receives it
Handoff-point map
Owner: Recorder
Match sender, recipient, item, and completion conditions.
Support-exchange table
Owner: Recorder
Record requests, responses, conditional responses, and reasons for refusal.
Handoff-improvement commitments
Owner: Recorder
Retain an owner, start point, and checking method for each item.
Materials and setup
Material names, quantities, groups and handling instructions retain the fixed draft's original helper-derived guidance. Where a format is marked “Source material specification”, the entire bound English source material entry takes precedence over the old helper-derived format guidance. This format-only correction does not resolve other instruction or safety concerns. English names are not substituted into a Japanese-keyed lookup.
Everyday tools
- Dark writing implements
Quantity: 1 per person
Format: Dark broad-tip pens or whiteboard markers
Check that ink flows and place them within participants' reach. Avoid pale-coloured pens.
- Floor tape
Quantity: 1 roll per group
Format: Low-tack masking tape
Check removability on an inconspicuous part of the floor or wall. Keep edges flat and do not obstruct routes.
- Connecting tape
Quantity: 1 roll per group
Format: Low-tack masking tape
Check removability on an inconspicuous part of the floor or wall. Keep edges flat and do not obstruct routes.
Sheets to prepare by hand
- Headings for handoff points
Quantity: 1 per stage per group
Format: Source material specification: One station card per group for each stage, approximately A3 size
Source-bound format display correction; the other fixed helper-derived guidance is unchanged.
Write one work handoff point per sheet. Leave space to add sender, recipient, item handed over, and the state that counts as complete.
- Stop-condition cards
Quantity: 3 per station per group
Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces
Do not buy special cards; write Stop condition at the top of paper pieces. If participants fill them in, put one entry on each card and handwrite the necessary headings before starting.
- Role-specific support table
Quantity: 1 sheet per role
Format: Source material specification: Support sheets organised by role (1 per role, approximately A3)
Source-bound format display correction; the other fixed helper-derived guidance is unchanged.
Before starting, write the role name, responsibilities, and times covered. Add the person's name only after the assignment is decided.
- Request cards
Quantity: 5 per role
Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces
Do not buy a special product; write Request at the top of paper pieces. If participants fill them in, use one item per card and handwrite needed headings before starting.
- Request-response labels
Quantity: 1 of each response per request
Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces
Write Accept, Accept with conditions, and Refuse on separate pieces, preparing enough of each type. Distinguish them by written headings even when using the same colour.
- Action cards
Quantity: 4 per person
Format: Source material specification: 4 action cards per person, approximately A6 size
Source-bound format display correction; the other fixed helper-derived guidance is unchanged.
Do not buy special-purpose materials. Write “Action” at the top of each paper piece. If participants will write on it, use one item per piece and handwrite the required headings before starting.
- Display paper for arranging the chain
Quantity: 1 per group
Format: Source material specification: One display sheet per group for arranging the chain, approximately A2 size
Source-bound format display correction; the other fixed helper-derived guidance is unchanged.
Write Display paper for arranging the chain at the top. Leave enough space for sticky notes or paper pieces not to overlap, and use lettering readable from a distance for whole-group sharing.
Information to gather before the session
- Actual outputs handed between stages, or safe substitutes
Quantity: 1 per stage per group
Format: The actual output; if it cannot be moved, use a photograph, sample, or A4 sheet stating its name, key points, and storage location
Prepare the output actually handed over at each stage. Only if it cannot be moved for reasons such as confidentiality, safety, or weight, make a substitute that lets the next person judge its content. Do not replace it with a blank sheet.
Setup for each method
Handoff Stations
- Groups of 3–6; 1–5 groups
- 3–6 floor stations per group, in process order and at least 3 m apart
- One passage per group, at least 1 m wide, allowing people to carry the output through all stations
What I Need from You
- Tables where participants with the same role sit together (1 table per role)
- One whole-group support matrix with rows showing requesting roles and columns showing responding roles
Smallest Commitment Chain
- One island table per group of 2–4, seated facing each other; 1–4 tables within the supported participant range
- One wall or table surface per group where action cards can be placed in a horizontal line
When to switch or stop
Fallbacks
- There are more than 15 handoff points.
Limit the scope to 3 points with many delays.
Method guide: Handoff Stations
Stop conditions
- People try to assign obligations to absent people or external contractors.
- Hold them as proposals and set a deadline for checking with those concerned.
- Discussion turns to assessing individual ability or work attitude.
- Return the question to items handed over, conditions, and checking actions.
Sources, rights and limits
This site has composed this programme's purpose, connections between methods, facilitation, roles, outputs, and switching conditions. See each method's individual page for its sources and licence.
Original source records and their required notices are retained below. Their presence does not mean a new legal or cultural-safety clearance. Original citation titles are kept in their source language.
Sources and required notices for the 3 methods used
Handoff Stations
- 対話の譜面編集部: 引継ぎの駅 — Original description and diagrams
- Source: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team: Handoff Stations | Original description and diagrams
- Attribution: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team | This site's text and diagrams
- Cultural caution: open-method screening complete: No closed, ritual, or sacred cultural practice is used as a source; declining participation, sensitive information, and power differences are addressed in each method's limits and branches.
- Limits of this record: The editorial team independently created the text, procedure, and diagram. No exclusive rights are claimed over general dialogue operations or ideas themselves.
What I Need from You
- Liberating Structures Fieldbook (2026): What I Need from You — Henri Lipmanowicz / Keith McCandless / Nancy White — Adaptation under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes made
- CC BY-SA 4.0
- Source: Liberating Structures Fieldbook (2026): What I Need from You — Henri Lipmanowicz / Keith McCandless / Nancy White | https://www.liberatingstructures.com/what-i-need-from-you | Adaptation under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes made
- Source: CC BY-SA 4.0 | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
- Attribution: Henri Lipmanowicz and Keith McCandless; Keith McCandless and Nancy White | Original-source author and contributor credit
- Attribution: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team | Japanese adaptation and this site's own diagrams
- Changes and adaptation: Adapted as a Japanese facilitation score; changes made
- ShareAlike: Provided under CC-BY-SA-4.0
- Cultural caution: open-method screening complete: No closed, ritual, or sacred cultural practice is used as a source; declining participation, sensitive information, and power differences are addressed in each method's limits and branches.
- Limits of this record: Adapted with changes as a Japanese facilitation score under CC BY-SA 4.0 and provided under the same licence. Only the current page is covered; material from June 2026 or earlier, official icons, and third-party material were excluded.
Smallest Commitment Chain
- 対話の譜面編集部: 最小約束の連鎖 — Original description and diagrams
- Source: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team: Smallest Commitment | Original description and diagrams
- Attribution: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team | This site's text and diagrams
- Cultural caution: open-method screening complete: No closed, ritual, or sacred cultural practice is used as a source; declining participation, sensitive information, and power differences are addressed in each method's limits and branches.
- Limits of this record: The editorial team independently created the text, procedure, and diagram. No exclusive rights are claimed over general dialogue operations or ideas themselves.
Historical fixed-draft notes
The original fixed draft notes are retained without deletion as historical records of those fixed source versions. Current material format corrections are separately identified above; these notes do not imply that other concerns have been resolved.
- The Smallest Commitment action-card sourceRaw specifies approximately A6, while the prepared display format permits approximately 75 × 75 mm sticky notes or quartered A4. Both remain without a size correction.
- The chain-display sourceRaw specifies approximately A2, while its display format gives large paper or a whiteboard without a size. The size has not been inferred into a different source field.
Japanese resources and historical source records
Original Japanese plan and its print view · Japanese operation pack or starter materials
An English print edition is not provided here. The linked plans, print views and operation materials are Japanese resources.
Historical recorded publication holds
The following original hold statements are retained verbatim with their fixed source versions. They are not a statement of current acceptance, nor does this historical label resolve a source-specific restriction.
- English translation and rendered-page independent acceptance pending
- Method dependency source/text SHA binding and current source-specific rights verification pending
- Publication not cleared
Historical fixed-source and English-draft provenance
Japanese program SHA-256: e4f4fdb00fd2bf4f2659046c51e65ddd0a3601e17219054268f1a43546e2172e
Fixed source context SHA-256: 4d59ad8628e877dbb95ec78354adfaa84c1228f2b59b8347f9c1e6326fc4052b
English draft SHA-256: acd629a5fce0150cf614e3f5cedea8978981cc5fee2b65b32bd3759f95457339
- handoff-stations: source
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6aa6b6e44bd742b0216e576184f782933206f19fb399ec02574d88fc796c9b0e; English draft5d1abc24e40880d84e1848f158d9e85086dfc6639d17bc3d261c8c423f868105 - what-i-need-from-you: source
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These hashes identify the checked inputs; they do not grant independent acceptance or publication clearance.