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Taiwa no FumenPractical methods for shared thinking

English edition: the full translation has not yet received an independent line-by-line review. Check the linked sources and method-specific limits before use. Japanese PDFs and videos remain labelled.

Return to session-plan results

Problems and operational improvement

Repair a Cross-Unit Handoff Bottleneck

Make missing handoffs and differences in sender/recipient understanding visible, then decide the smallest receipt check.

People
6–16
Session time
180 minutes
Format
In person

English session plan

Original program status: draft. Source safety category: Low; this is not a guarantee of safety.

Preparation: More preparation. Facilitation team: Three operating roles.

What this session can decide

Agree handoff procedures, information provided, and receipt checks. Refer formal changes to the division of duties to the responsible person.

Outside its scope

  • Do not assign responsibility definitively to absent units.
  • Do not assess individuals' processing speed.
  • Do not change duties without authority.

Primary caution: Do not assign responsibility definitively to absent units.

Before starting

Question and scope
Make missing handoffs and differences in sender/recipient understanding visible, then decide the smallest receipt check. Before starting, state the subject and time period in one sentence.
What this session decides
Agree handoff procedures, information provided, and receipt checks. Refer formal changes to the division of duties to the responsible person.
Output recipient
The Recorder stores the final handoff-improvement commitments, retaining an owner, start point, and checking method for each item.
Participation and information boundaries
Offer speaking, writing, or passing as participation choices. Keep personal information, confidential information, and attribute-based evaluation off the record surface.
Operating roles
Assign Lead facilitator, Recorder, and Timekeeper before starting, and confirm who announces switching and stopping.
Next review
Set a review date, viewers, and the person responsible for the next decision on the handoff-improvement commitments.

Who takes responsibility

Lead facilitator

Keep Repair a Cross-Unit Handoff Bottleneck within its purpose and exclusions, and announce the start and end of each stage.

From before the start through the end

Recorder

Record the handoff-point map, support-exchange table, and handoff-improvement commitments at each stage, then hand them to the recipient at the end.

From preparing record surfaces before the start through storage after the end

Timekeeper

Notify the Lead facilitator 3 minutes before each stage ends and when switching to breaks or buffer time.

At the start of every stage and 3 minutes before its end

Session flow

Minutes are measured from the session start. Method time, transition time, breaks and buffer are shown separately; they are not additional overlapping activities.

  1. 0–48 minutes

    Lay out handoff points

    Method: Handoff Stations · 0–45 minutes. Transition: 45–48 minutes (3 minutes).

    Place work handoff points in chronological order. At each point, write who passes what, and what the recipient must check for completion.

    Responsible: Lead facilitator; Recorder; Timekeeper

    Output: Handoff-point map

    Handoff: Pass handoff points with insufficient checks or differing understandings to the stage for organising needed support and the scope of provision.

    This stage may be shortened only in accordance with the stated conditions.

  2. 48–111 minutes

    Exchange needed support and the scope of provision

    Method: What I Need from You · 48–108 minutes. Transition: 108–111 minutes (3 minutes).

    Each recipient makes a specific request to the sender for needed information or actions. The sender answers yes, yes with conditions, or no, and records conditions and reasons.

    Responsible: Lead facilitator; Recorder; Timekeeper

    Output: Support-exchange table

    Handoff: Pass only agreed support on as candidates for smallest commitments.

    This stage is not marked as shortenable.

  3. 121–149 minutes

    Decide the smallest receipt check

    Method: Smallest Commitment Chain · 121–146 minutes. Transition: 146–149 minutes (3 minutes).

    Choose the smallest action that can change from this week at each handoff point. Link actions so the next person can check that the preceding person has finished.

    Responsible: Lead facilitator; Recorder; Timekeeper

    Output: Handoff-improvement commitments

    Handoff: Pass the commitments to each person assigned and the work owner.

    This stage is not marked as shortenable.

What is retained and who receives it

Handoff-point map

Owner: Recorder

Match sender, recipient, item, and completion conditions.

Support-exchange table

Owner: Recorder

Record requests, responses, conditional responses, and reasons for refusal.

Handoff-improvement commitments

Owner: Recorder

Retain an owner, start point, and checking method for each item.

Materials and setup

Material names, quantities, groups and handling instructions retain the fixed draft's original helper-derived guidance. Where a format is marked “Source material specification”, the entire bound English source material entry takes precedence over the old helper-derived format guidance. This format-only correction does not resolve other instruction or safety concerns. English names are not substituted into a Japanese-keyed lookup.

Everyday tools

Dark writing implements

Quantity: 1 per person

Format: Dark broad-tip pens or whiteboard markers

Check that ink flows and place them within participants' reach. Avoid pale-coloured pens.

Floor tape

Quantity: 1 roll per group

Format: Low-tack masking tape

Check removability on an inconspicuous part of the floor or wall. Keep edges flat and do not obstruct routes.

Connecting tape

Quantity: 1 roll per group

Format: Low-tack masking tape

Check removability on an inconspicuous part of the floor or wall. Keep edges flat and do not obstruct routes.

Sheets to prepare by hand

Headings for handoff points

Quantity: 1 per stage per group

Format: Source material specification: One station card per group for each stage, approximately A3 size

Source-bound format display correction; the other fixed helper-derived guidance is unchanged.

Write one work handoff point per sheet. Leave space to add sender, recipient, item handed over, and the state that counts as complete.

Stop-condition cards

Quantity: 3 per station per group

Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces

Do not buy special cards; write Stop condition at the top of paper pieces. If participants fill them in, put one entry on each card and handwrite the necessary headings before starting.

Role-specific support table

Quantity: 1 sheet per role

Format: Source material specification: Support sheets organised by role (1 per role, approximately A3)

Source-bound format display correction; the other fixed helper-derived guidance is unchanged.

Before starting, write the role name, responsibilities, and times covered. Add the person's name only after the assignment is decided.

Request cards

Quantity: 5 per role

Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces

Do not buy a special product; write Request at the top of paper pieces. If participants fill them in, use one item per card and handwrite needed headings before starting.

Request-response labels

Quantity: 1 of each response per request

Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces

Write Accept, Accept with conditions, and Refuse on separate pieces, preparing enough of each type. Distinguish them by written headings even when using the same colour.

Action cards

Quantity: 4 per person

Format: Source material specification: 4 action cards per person, approximately A6 size

Source-bound format display correction; the other fixed helper-derived guidance is unchanged.

Do not buy special-purpose materials. Write “Action” at the top of each paper piece. If participants will write on it, use one item per piece and handwrite the required headings before starting.

Display paper for arranging the chain

Quantity: 1 per group

Format: Source material specification: One display sheet per group for arranging the chain, approximately A2 size

Source-bound format display correction; the other fixed helper-derived guidance is unchanged.

Write Display paper for arranging the chain at the top. Leave enough space for sticky notes or paper pieces not to overlap, and use lettering readable from a distance for whole-group sharing.

Information to gather before the session

Actual outputs handed between stages, or safe substitutes

Quantity: 1 per stage per group

Format: The actual output; if it cannot be moved, use a photograph, sample, or A4 sheet stating its name, key points, and storage location

Prepare the output actually handed over at each stage. Only if it cannot be moved for reasons such as confidentiality, safety, or weight, make a substitute that lets the next person judge its content. Do not replace it with a blank sheet.

Setup for each method

Handoff Stations

  1. Groups of 3–6; 1–5 groups
  2. 3–6 floor stations per group, in process order and at least 3 m apart
  3. One passage per group, at least 1 m wide, allowing people to carry the output through all stations

What I Need from You

  1. Tables where participants with the same role sit together (1 table per role)
  2. One whole-group support matrix with rows showing requesting roles and columns showing responding roles

Smallest Commitment Chain

  1. One island table per group of 2–4, seated facing each other; 1–4 tables within the supported participant range
  2. One wall or table surface per group where action cards can be placed in a horizontal line

When to switch or stop

Fallbacks

There are more than 15 handoff points.

Limit the scope to 3 points with many delays.

Method guide: Handoff Stations

Stop conditions

People try to assign obligations to absent people or external contractors.
Hold them as proposals and set a deadline for checking with those concerned.
Discussion turns to assessing individual ability or work attitude.
Return the question to items handed over, conditions, and checking actions.

Sources, rights and limits

This site has composed this programme's purpose, connections between methods, facilitation, roles, outputs, and switching conditions. See each method's individual page for its sources and licence.

Original source records and their required notices are retained below. Their presence does not mean a new legal or cultural-safety clearance. Original citation titles are kept in their source language.

Sources and required notices for the 3 methods used

Handoff Stations

  • 対話の譜面編集部: 引継ぎの駅 — Original description and diagrams
  • Source: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team: Handoff Stations | Original description and diagrams
  • Attribution: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team | This site's text and diagrams
  • Cultural caution: open-method screening complete: No closed, ritual, or sacred cultural practice is used as a source; declining participation, sensitive information, and power differences are addressed in each method's limits and branches.
  • Limits of this record: The editorial team independently created the text, procedure, and diagram. No exclusive rights are claimed over general dialogue operations or ideas themselves.

What I Need from You

  • Source: Liberating Structures Fieldbook (2026): What I Need from You — Henri Lipmanowicz / Keith McCandless / Nancy White | https://www.liberatingstructures.com/what-i-need-from-you | Adaptation under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes made
  • Source: CC BY-SA 4.0 | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • Attribution: Henri Lipmanowicz and Keith McCandless; Keith McCandless and Nancy White | Original-source author and contributor credit
  • Attribution: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team | Japanese adaptation and this site's own diagrams
  • Changes and adaptation: Adapted as a Japanese facilitation score; changes made
  • ShareAlike: Provided under CC-BY-SA-4.0
  • Cultural caution: open-method screening complete: No closed, ritual, or sacred cultural practice is used as a source; declining participation, sensitive information, and power differences are addressed in each method's limits and branches.
  • Limits of this record: Adapted with changes as a Japanese facilitation score under CC BY-SA 4.0 and provided under the same licence. Only the current page is covered; material from June 2026 or earlier, official icons, and third-party material were excluded.

Current-page credit and licence companion for this method

Smallest Commitment Chain

  • 対話の譜面編集部: 最小約束の連鎖 — Original description and diagrams
  • Source: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team: Smallest Commitment | Original description and diagrams
  • Attribution: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team | This site's text and diagrams
  • Cultural caution: open-method screening complete: No closed, ritual, or sacred cultural practice is used as a source; declining participation, sensitive information, and power differences are addressed in each method's limits and branches.
  • Limits of this record: The editorial team independently created the text, procedure, and diagram. No exclusive rights are claimed over general dialogue operations or ideas themselves.

Historical fixed-draft notes

The original fixed draft notes are retained without deletion as historical records of those fixed source versions. Current material format corrections are separately identified above; these notes do not imply that other concerns have been resolved.

  • The Smallest Commitment action-card sourceRaw specifies approximately A6, while the prepared display format permits approximately 75 × 75 mm sticky notes or quartered A4. Both remain without a size correction.
  • The chain-display sourceRaw specifies approximately A2, while its display format gives large paper or a whiteboard without a size. The size has not been inferred into a different source field.

Japanese resources and historical source records

Original Japanese plan and its print view · Japanese operation pack or starter materials

An English print edition is not provided here. The linked plans, print views and operation materials are Japanese resources.

Historical recorded publication holds

The following original hold statements are retained verbatim with their fixed source versions. They are not a statement of current acceptance, nor does this historical label resolve a source-specific restriction.

  • English translation and rendered-page independent acceptance pending
  • Method dependency source/text SHA binding and current source-specific rights verification pending
  • Publication not cleared
Historical fixed-source and English-draft provenance

Japanese program SHA-256: e4f4fdb00fd2bf4f2659046c51e65ddd0a3601e17219054268f1a43546e2172e

Fixed source context SHA-256: 4d59ad8628e877dbb95ec78354adfaa84c1228f2b59b8347f9c1e6326fc4052b

English draft SHA-256: acd629a5fce0150cf614e3f5cedea8978981cc5fee2b65b32bd3759f95457339

  • handoff-stations: source 00c2fd30273a3a9bb696b52f6e6ac0bcb236fdb3c95d2dbc8d0a05819b16cec3; English draft a6ec941ad82864981f9bedbf3892e923a1fb1f0d3b2e030179f88ac7b78e5158
  • smallest-commitment: source 6aa6b6e44bd742b0216e576184f782933206f19fb399ec02574d88fc796c9b0e; English draft 5d1abc24e40880d84e1848f158d9e85086dfc6639d17bc3d261c8c423f868105
  • what-i-need-from-you: source 401074d95d75eb10f53f8845c0978a8b5f4275a96395e8366a1879a943505671; English draft 6b32fb0220d3476d53591ebaa2bac246e575bcc590438d146dc048928bd4215f

These hashes identify the checked inputs; they do not grant independent acceptance or publication clearance.